Cause Transmission Diagnosis and Treatment of ECHO virus
ECHO virus is an abbreviation for enteric cytopathic human
orphan virus. It was called orphan virus because it was unknown when it was
first isolated in 1950.
Name: Echovirus
Nature: RNA
virus
Multiple seasons: Summer, autumn
way for spreading: Mouth-fecal transmission
Diagnosis method: Virus culture and serology
Multiple seasons: Summer, autumn
way for spreading: Mouth-fecal transmission
Diagnosis method: Virus culture and serology
Called: Orphan virus
Harm: ECHO virus can
cause many diseases in humans
What harm can ECHO Virus cause?
ECHO virus can cause a variety of diseases in humans, from
mild respiratory infections to group B virus-induced myocarditis, pericarditis,
meningoencephalitis, and severe infant systemic diseases.
Biological traits
Coxsackie virus is similar to polio virus in morphology, physical and chemical
traits, mode of replication, pathogenicity and epidemiology. Newborn mice are
sensitive to Coxsackie virus infection.
They are divided into two groups,
namely group A and group B, according to the pathogenic characteristics of the
virus to newborn mice.
Group A viruses have 1 to 24 serotypes, of which A23
belongs to ECHO9. Group B viruses have 1 to 6 serotypes.
Group A virus infects
newborn mice can cause extensive myositis of skeletal muscle, leading to
relaxation paralysis.
Group B virus produces local myositis, encephalitis and
more typical necrotizing steatitis.
Some strains also develop pancreatitis,
myocarditis, endocarditis, and hepatitis in suckling and adult rats.
Group B
viruses and a few types (7, 9, 16, etc.) in group A can grow in monkey kidney
cells.
ECHO virus can also proliferate in human embryonic kidney or monkey
kidney cells to produce CPE.
Pathogenic and immune patients and asymptomatic
carriers are the source of infection.
The main route of transmission is the
fecal-oral route, with an incubation period of 2-9 days.
Humans can isolate the
virus from the pharynx, feces, and blood at an early stage of infection, sometimes
for 5 to 6 weeks.
Most infected people are subclinical. Coxsackie Group B
virus-induced infant infections and viral heart disease can often be fatal.
What Illness can ECHO virus cause?
1. Asepticmeningitis is caused by Coxsackie Group B virus and
common A7, A9, and ECHO viruses.
Early clinical symptoms include fever,
headache, general malaise, vomiting and abdominal pain, mild paralysis, and
symptoms such as neck stiffness and meningeal irritation after 1 to 2 days.
2. Herpangina is caused by A2 - A6, A8, A10 in Coxsackie A group.
Typical symptoms are fever, sore throat, soft palate, and blisters around the
uvula.
3. Hand-foot-mouth disease is caused by Coxsackie's A16 and
neo-enteric virus 71, and sometimes A5 and A10.
It is characterized by mouth
and pharynx ulcers, vesicular herpes on the palms and soles of the feet, and
can sometimes spread to the arms and legs.
4. Myocarditis. Primary cardiomyopathy in adults and children
is caused by the Coxsackie Group B virus, which accounts for approximately 5%
of heart disease.
ECHO virus 1, 6, 9 and other types can also be caused.
Neonatal infections often cause death, and those infected at other ages can
cause significant heart damage, and persistent infections can occur, triggering
autoimmune responses that cause cardiomyopathy.
5. Infant systemic disease This is a very serious,
multi-organ infectious disease that includes the heart, liver, and brain.
Caused by Coxsackie B virus infected with fetus through placenta or contact
infection caused by improper care.
Some types of ECHO virus can also be caused.
Infants often have symptoms such as drowsiness, difficulty in pumping, and
vomiting, with or without fever, and further develop into myocarditis or
pericarditis, or even die.
Also. Coxsackie virus and ECHO virus can also cause respiratory
infections, gastrointestinal diseases, chest muscle pain and other diseases,
which may also be related to type I diabetes.
After being infected with
Coxsackie virus and ECHO virus, humans can produce specific neutralizing
antibodies, and have long-lasting immunity to homologous viruses.
Microbiology
examination and virus isolation.
Take throat swabs or throat swabs, feces,
conjunctival swabs and other specimens, inoculate primary or passage monkey
kidney cells, culture for 5 to 14 days, observe cytopathological changes daily,
and use standard serum to identify viruses Or inoculated suckling mice, group A
virus usually occurs within 3 to 8 days, and group B virus usually develops
symptoms within 5 to 14 days, and then is identified based on pathological damage
and immunological methods.
Serological tests can use immunofluorescence to
detect antigens in cells, or ELISA to detect antibodies.
RT-PCR can also be
used to detect its specific nucleic acid fragments. There are no vaccines or
drugs to prevent and treat Coxsackie and ECHO virus infections.
What is the way for Spreading of ECHO virus?
ECHO Virus Transmission: It is mainly transmitted through the oral-fecal
route, and it can also be transmitted through the respiratory tract through
throat secretions.
After the virus enters the human body, the intestinal
mucosal cells of the pharyngeal machine proliferate, invade the bloodstream,
and form viremia. Elcovirus is very infectious and can infect almost all cells
in the body.
What is the Diagnosis (Clinical Manifestation) of ECHO virus?
The clinical manifestations of ECHO virus
infection are similar to rubella.
Although the infection in the first trimester
can affect the fetus, it rarely causes deformities.
According to 1957 cases of
ECHO9 infection in Minnesota in the United States in 1957, the age of onset is
2.5 to 33 years old, and the common symptoms are upper respiratory infection,
fever, non-purulent meningitis and rash.
The rash is maculopapular or
measles-like rash that subsides naturally for 1 to 3 days.
The virus can be
isolated from stool, pharyngeal secretions and cerebrospinal fluid. Many
investigations (Kleinman, 1962, Milwaukee, 1957.
Peterson and Glicklich, 1960;
Landsm-an, 1964) have not concluded that ECHO virus is teratogenic.
What are the Diagnosis instructions for ECHO virus?
Mainly rely on virus culture and serology. Virus
culture specific operations:
Patients' blood, cerebrospinal fluid, herpes
fluid, pleural cavity and pericardial effusion can be inoculated in monkey
kidney cells or human embryo lung cells for culture.
Serological examination:
After serological examination of Ecovirus infection, specific antibodies can be
detected in the patient's serum, and serum antibodies in the recovery and acute
phases are generally detected.
What are the Treatment Instructions for ECHO virus?
There is need of no special treatment. Symptomatic treatment
includes antipyretic and analgesic, antibiotics and prevention of
complications, complications.
Infected patients during pregnancy should pay
attention to exclude fetal malformations, newborns should be observed in
isolation.
Author's Bio
 |
| Dr. Shawna Reason |
Education: MBBS, MD
Occupation: Medical Doctor / Virologist
Specialization: Medical Science, Micro Biology / Virology, Natural Treatment
Experience: 15 Years as a Medical Practitioner
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