What damage does banana bunchy top sickness cause? What signs are present? How can it be avoided?
A severe illness that affects bananas is banana bunchy top.
The plants that are vulnerable are small and don't blossom or develop buds. Only at the current bud stage are plants susceptible, and these plants have few fruits and are of minimal economic use.
Plant dwarfing is the disease's primary symptom. New leaves are shorter, tougher, straighter, and narrower than mature ones. The sick leaves are brittle and clumped, with thick, irregularly spaced green or black stripes on the veins. Virus called banana bunchy top is the pathogen.
Toxic seedlings are the primary source of infection in the
new banana planting area, whereas diseased plants and their buds are the
primary source of infection in the old banana planting region.
The illness is primarily spread locally and over long distances by poisonous buds and banana cross-vessel aphid, respectively. As a result, the presence of vector insects coincides closely with the peak period of sickness.
The illness takes one to three months to incubate. The
cross-veined aphid also hosts plants from the genera Taro, ginger flowers,
abaca, and heliconia in addition to bananas. There are currently no
disease-resistant banana cultivars in existence.
What are the Control Methods of banana bunchy top disease?
i. Tissue culture and banana seedlings should be placed under
stronger quarantine. The field-selected buds that will be used for tissue
culture must adhere to the quarantine rules to the letter. The initial
generation of tissue culture seedlings should be delivered to the appropriate
departments for bioassay and serum analysis, and after they have been shown to
be poison-free, they should be let to multiply.
It is important to quickly eliminate the poisoned seedlings.
A 60-mesh bug net can be placed to the nursery's perimeter if
necessary. To keep tissue culture seedlings disease-free during the fake
planting phase, bag seedlings are sprayed with solutions such as 40% dimethoate
1000 times per 10 days - 1500 times solution, rotenine 800 times per solution,
50% aphid mist 2000 times per solution, etc.
Regular inspections of the sporadically infected banana
gardens are necessary, and the unsympathetic plants should be removed as soon
as feasible. Replant the seedlings from the disease-free tissue culture after
leaving the hole open for a month.
How may banana bunching disease be avoided?
Prevention methods for banana bunching disease: A popular
fruit in our daily lives is the banana. It tastes sweet and pleasant and is
nutrient-dense. People are fond of it.
It is inevitable that some illnesses will surface while
bananas are being planted. A prevalent condition among them is bunchy top
sickness.
This essay will present you to banana bunchy top disease
prevention strategies.
Banana bunching disease is also known as bushy top illness,
scallion or shrimp banana.
Early banana bunchy top disease victims have short,
non-bud-pulling plants. There are only a few, tiny plants that are immune to
infection at this stage of bud development.
According to experts, banana bunchy top disease is a viral illness that primarily affects aphid strains in banana gardens, with sick seedlings playing a major role in long-distance transmission. The virus only infects abaca and sweet bananas as hosts.
Farmers are now concerned with how to control the banana
bunchy top disease.
The following elements need to be the starting point for the prevention and treatment of banana bunchy top disease:
1. Improve water, fertiliser, and soil management
The presence of this disease can be prevented or reduced by
actively managing the soil, fertiliser, and water conditions in banana gardens
to encourage vigorous growth and improve disease resistance.
2. Remove ill plants by hand
They must be routinely inspected after planting, at least
once every month.
The infected plant must be removed after being located.
Spray an insecticide to kill aphids before filling the heart
with 100–300 cc of kerosene, pulling out the diseased plants two days later, or
use herbicides to destroy the diseased plants.
For instance, the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences injected
artificial stems 10 cm above the ground with 105 cc of glyphosate, and the
stems essentially decayed in 30 days. The sick plants that are removed are
burnt or buried deep in manure.
3. Replanting different crops
Due to too many opportunities for infection, healthy plants
after digging out diseased plants will also have a big number of cases in
hospitals with incidence rates of more than 30% to 50%.
4. Only select disease-free seedlings of bananas
Banana gardens that are just starting out must carefully
select dependable and disease-free seedlings as well as healthy and disease-free
test tube seedlings for planting.
The quality of sprouts is frequently unreliable, and their
incidence after planting is frequently higher than that of seedlings grown in a
test tube.
5. Consistently eliminate aphids
After planting, it should be periodically treated with
insecticides to control aphids to close the transmission route, such as 40%
oxymetholone 800-1000 times, 50% aphid mist 1500–2000 times, or other
insecticides. For adult plants, it is sprayed once every month and once every
10 to 15 seedlings.
What techniques are used to prevent and treat the condition
known as banana bunchy top?
Technical Sector
The technological area of plant protection includes a method
for controlling the banana bunchy top disease, which is the subject of the current
invention.
Background strategy
A severe illness that affects bananas is banana bunchy top.
In Yunnan Province, the prevalence of diseased plants in the field ranges from 5% to 10%, while some badly damaged banana gardens have a prevalence of 20% to 40%.
What is the pathogenesis of bunchy top disease in banana
bananas?
Toxic seedlings are the primary source of infection in the
new banana planting area, whereas diseased plants and their buds are the
primary source of infection in the old banana planting region.
The illness is primarily spread over long distances by deadly
buds, while banana aphids are responsible for close-range transmission. As a
result, the presence of vector insects coincides closely with the peak period of
sickness.
The illness takes one to three months to incubate. The
cross-veined aphid also hosts plants from the genera Taro, ginger flowers,
abaca, and heliconia in addition to bananas.
What innovations have been used to combat banana bunch
disease?
A technique to avoid banana bunchy top illness is provided by
the current invention.
The technical fixes used by the present invention to address
the aforementioned technical issues are:
The following actions are part of an approach for avoiding
and managing banana bunching disease:
I) Ecological governance:
II.) Agricultural control:
The diseased plants
should be removed in a timely manner from April to May each year.
Steer clear of applying nitrogen fertilisers in part.
• Feed the soil with enough organic fertilisers.
• Improve the management of water and fertiliser.
• Keep the soil moist.
• Take ventilation into consideration.
III.) Biological control:
Spray a 200g/liter imidacloprid solution with water 4000
times on the front and back of the stem and leaves to spray aphids once every
7–10 days, a total of 2-3 times. This method also controls illness. Reduce the
amount of pests in the fields. Virus transmission should be curbed.
IV.) Biological control:
Biological control: spray 500 times with a 0.5% solution of
lentinan liquid 15-20 days after planting, repeating every 7–10 days.
V.) Physical control:
VI.) Chemical control:
A 20% guanidine spray protection programme was established at
the outset of the disease.
Once every 10 days or so, ongoing prevention and therapy 2-3
times, 1000 times solution of copper acetate wettable powder, and other
antiviral medications.
The suggested technical approach for using Wo Yiduo in
ecological management is to combine HYT-A and HYT-B in 15L of water, swirl to
combine, and then leave at room temperature 2.
Add HYT-C80-120g during the day, then set it aside for another day. Irrigate the roots after adding 250 kg of water and thoroughly stirring.
The following is the special usage technique of the peculiar
microbial fertiliser in ecological management, which is the preferable
technical solution:
The difluvial microbial fertiliser mixed with water is evenly
mixed after being sprayed on the ground in accordance with 200–400ml of water
and 15–30 kg of difluvial microbial fertiliser.
It has physiologically active components C, G, and F that can
help crops circulate internally and quickly repair damaged cells to produce
food that is safer.
It can enhance the soil's physicochemical characteristics and
raise the levels of humic acid and organic matter.
The crop root system has developed, the fibrous roots are
long, and there are lots of white roots. Additionally, the ventilation and
water retention are good. Strong activity and enhanced soil nutrient
absorption.
Difuli may effectively fix nitrogen, activate soil rhizospheric
microorganisms, release large, medium, and trace soil solidification
components, give complete nutrition for bananas, and encourage vigorous
seedlings. Boost the photosynthesis of bananas.
Banana bunchy top illness is effectively prevented by disease and stress resistance.
The woyiduo in the current innovation is a biological
bacterial fertiliser that was created using the fundamental ideas of
contemporary "organic agriculture," plant nutrition, and soil
microecology in the rhizosphere. HYT-A, HYT-B, and HYT-C three are included in
this.
HYT-A is made up of 18 beneficial bacteria that are processed into bacterial agents that are non-toxic, non-pathogenic, and very active at fixing nitrogen in soil.
Once they've been activated and expanded, they can be used
for a number of Important nutrients including nitrogen, potassium, and
fundamental inorganic mineral minerals are directly provided to the roots of
the crop by the soil environment during each stage of its growth.
Efficacy characteristics:
i. It has a high rate of fertilisation efficiency, balanced
nutrition, steady improvement in the rate of fertiliser use and soil fertility,
and the period of validity can last for more than 4 months.
ii. To improve the ecological structure of the soil, which has a big impact on preventing salinization, acidification, compaction, and pollution.
iii. To create a biological control system that is highly effective at avoiding dead trees and thwarting double cropping.
iv. To automatically modify crop growth, encourage
germination, fortify seedlings, and enhance banana quality and production.
The head and chest carapace of a bio-hydrolyzed marine
organism, known as HYT-B, are treated with fermentation broth for late
dissolution.
Features of efficacy: Being rich in minerals, natural
polymer, and 19 different types of L-amino acids, it can directly supply
nutrients for the growth of microbes and plants.
It can swiftly encourage the formation of agricultural root systems, improve leaf photosynthesis, improve disease and stress tolerance, produce robust seedlings and healthy plants, boost production, and enhance quality.
High purity, chitin concentration, and chitinase-inducing
actives are all present in abundance in HYT-C.
Efficacy features:
Can activate and induce plant and microbial organisms to produce a large number of biological enzymes, organic acids, alkaloids, and other disease resistance factors.
At the same time, it can rapidly promote the massive expansion of beneficial bacteria.
Provide nutrition for HYT-A soil microbial bacteria and crops. It might promote crop growth.
Features of effectiveness:
The current invention utilises ecological control, agricultural control, biological control, physical control, and chemical control approaches to significantly lower the occurrence of banana bunchy top disease. This has a positive effect and raises banana productivity and quality.
The use of Difult microbial fertiliser can successfully increase soil biological colonies and soil structure, delay the development of banana bunchy top disease, and boost banana yield and quality.
The current invention uses preventative measures, ecological control, agricultural control, biological control, physical control, and chemical control for overall control while utilising agricultural control, physical control, and other methods.
The average incidence of banana bunchy top
disease is decreased by thorough prevention and treatment, which also increases
production, considerably improves banana grades, and yields positive economic
results.
Technical Solutions
Along with particular embodiments of the present invention, the technological solutions of the invention will be thoroughly discussed.
Of course, the embodiments of the present invention that have
been disclosed are not all of them, but a portion of them.
All additional embodiments produced by a person of ordinary
ability in the art without the need for inventive work are covered by the
protection of the present invention based on the embodiments of the invention.
The following actions are part of an approach for avoiding
and managing banana bunching disease:
I.) Ecological governance:
Applying microbial fertilisers such as Woyiduo or Difuli
would enhance the soil's physical and chemical characteristics, soil fertility,
and banana roots' ability to absorb nutrients.
II.) Agricultural control:
III.) Biological control:
IV.) Biological control:
The diseased plant's freshly formed leaves are narrower and
shorter than one another, resulting in a short plant with leaves that grow in
bundles to form a bundle top.
The damaged plant's older leaves became yellow, but its newer
leaves were a deeper shade of green than those of a healthy plant.
The sick leaf is brittle and stiff, and it breaks readily in
your hands.
Careful examination reveals that many diseased leaves have
numerous intermittent green veins on the veins of the leaves, and sometimes
they turn into black stripes following chlorosis and transparency (the first
infected plants are on the new leaves).
The stripes are between 1 and 10 mm broad. The infected young
leaves are more green than the healthy ones by 0.75mm because of the dark green
streaks.
The "green tendons," also known as the broad green
stripes on the petioles and faux stems, are present. This is brought on by a
virus-induced irregularity in the transmission and distribution of chlorophyll
within the plant.
The most accurate symptoms for identifying this disease,
particularly in early infected plants, are dark green stripes and "green bars."
The diseased plant has several tillers, reddish purple, dull
roots, and the majority of the roots decay or turn purple, leaving no new
roots.
Nematodes predominately inhabit the sick plants' roots.
In general, diseased plants do not bloom or generate buds.
When the disease strikes, the buds are straight and weak if they are to be
drawn. It has now reached the late growth stage, the leaves are aligned, and
the "bundle top" symptom is not present.
Although the veins of the immature leaves still have noticeable
strong green stripes, the leaves still appear yellow.
If the plant experiences symptoms following bud extraction,
they are not always visible.
In most cases, "green tendons" are still visible.
The fruit axis is long and narrow, the fruit is small and few, the fruit tip is
as thin as a finger, and the flesh is crisp and odourless. The flower buds may
still be robust. Recessive bunchy top disease is the name given by some people
to this kind of plant disease.
The development of the phloem fibrous sheath was inhibited
and transformed into cells with a vast number of chloroplasts, according to a
microscopic inspection of the phloem tissue of the midrib of the leaf of the
early diseased plant or petiole.
Chloroplasts occupied the phloem's fundamental tissue (not in
the healthy plant).
The cell's basic tissue cells grow "parallelly" to
form a large number of polygonal cells, each of which has an aberrant nucleus.
Compared to healthy leaves, sick leaves have a decreased
concentration of free amino acids.
Diseased plants frequently perish as the buds open.
Heart rot is caused by the adult plant's delayed growth
following infection and the difficulty in removing the heart leaf.
The disease known as banana bunching has become a significant
barrier to Asia's banana crop. In 1986, bunching disease had spread to more
than 100,000 mu of the 140,000 mu of banana gardens in Dongguan City,
Guangdong, China, causing a loss of 24 million yuan in revenue.
Between 1979 and 1981, almost 1.5 million kg of bananas and
100,000 banana plants in Nanning, Guangxi, suffered damage.
What does the pathogen banana bunchy top virus entail?
Banana bunchy top virus is the name of the pathogenic virus.
Viruses are spherical mitochondria with identical diameters that are
challenging to see under an electron microscope.
There isn't much research on it, therefore it's unclear where
to classify it yet.
Banana cross-vein aphid and disease-absorbing buds (seedlings) are the principal carriers of this virus (Pentalonia nigronervosa Cog.). Infected plants and their disease-absorbing buds are what cause banana garden bunching disease to spread.
The sole naturally occurring vector for the unique disease
known as beam top disease is the banana cross-headed aphid.
The cotton aphid (Aphis gossypis), according to Saotry (1980), can occasionally transfer the virus.
After a recurrent period of several hours to 48 hours, banana
cross-vein aphid (nymph) feeding on diseased plants for longer than 17 hours
can cause the infected plants to become sick. If the healthy plants are then
fed for longer than 1.5 hours, they can also become sick.
The cross-legged aphid can continue to transmit drugs for up
to 13 days. As a result, the virus is said to as "semi-persistent."
Banana plant symptoms caused by banana aphid infestation can
appear 35 to 40 days after the plant was poisoned.
How does the banana bunchy top virus disease get started?
A perennial plant, the banana mostly reproduces through
sucking buds. When a plant is sensitive, not only does the mother plant get
sick, but also its buds do too (but individual buds can avoid virus infection
without disease).
Therefore, infected plants and their buds in the afflicted region, as well as diseased buds in the new area and the disease-free area, are the main sources of infection for the illness.
Banana aphids or cotton aphids can spread the disease once an
area has acquired an initial source of infection.
After infection, banana seedlings can become ill 19–125 days
later.
A 2-3 hundred acre banana plantation might have a sickness rate of more than 80% in 4-5 years due to the ongoing aphid infestation.
The cotton aphid and aphis gossypii are the primary carriers
of the beam top disease in the field; juice cannot spread the illness.
As a result, the environmental factors that influence the
spread of the disease are primarily impacted, particularly those factors that
influence aphid incidence.
In general, the number of aphids increases, the number of
winged aphids happens more frequently, and the disease manifests itself more
badly in years with little rain and dry weather.
Aphids have more frequent deaths from natural enemies and
other causes on wet and humid days, but beam-top sickness is less common.
Aphids are present throughout the year of the banana garden, although there are often two distinct peak times, from October to November and from late March to May of the following year.
Aphids will hide in the depth of the horn mouth of the petiole in winter in late November (average daily temperature below 17 °C). Aphids like to suck juice from the horn mouth of the petiole of banana buds.
Aphid populations and the length of the virus' incubation
period have the biggest impacts on the development and decline of banana
plantations.
The onset typically starts in late March and gets worse.
The incidence is highest in May, declines after June, and
virtually disappears from December to March of the following year.
The bananas stopped growing from December to February as a
result of the cold temperatures and minimal rainfall.
The plants did not exhibit symptoms despite being sensitive.
March saw a modest rise in temperature and an increase in precipitation.
Until April or May, the banana trees started growing again.
progressively displaying symptoms
Young sucking buds and seedlings drawn in the disease area
are more vulnerable to illness than adult plants because aphids like to feast
on these young sucking buds and seedlings.
The most disease-prone fruits are bananas, while the
Kanchikela and Venattukunnan cultivars have high resilience.
Plantains and pink plantains have higher disease resistance.
The disease resistance of passion bananas, including Longya,
Sand, and Glutinous Rice Bananas, is subpar.
The rate of sick plants rose that year after the banana had
severe frost damage.
The soil becomes more acidic when chemical nitrogen
fertiliser is applied excessively, which reduces the disease resistance of
banana plants and encourages the development of disease.
The dwarfism of bundle-top sickness manifested later in the
banana plantation when calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium oxide (MgO)
(CaCl2: MgO = 3: 1) were applied.
What are the Banana bunchy top viral prevention techniques?
1. Strict isolation
Use triphenyltetrazolium chloride to swiftly distinguish
between sick and healthy plants, forbid seedlings, raise and plant disease-free
seedlings, and choose non-toxic mother plants and suck buds before planting
them.
Aphid mist, anlubao, dimethoate, etc. should be used to
prevent and control aphids whenever sick or suspect seedlings are discovered.
After that, the sick plants must be dug out or 5–10 ml of a
40% glyphosate solution must be injected. After 15 days, the banana head of the
angel rots.
Some unhealthy sucking buds can resume normal growth and lessen the prevalence of illness when exposed to 2000 roentgen's gamma rays.
To avoid the occurrence of bundle top illness, treat the pulp
and soak the buds in quinoline-25 before planting banana seedlings.
2. Quickly treating sick plants
The unhealthy plants must be vigorously dug out, and the
banana plantation should be monitored each month because they are unable to
grow normally again.
Find and take care of one plant promptly. Use 40% glyphosate
(original solution or 10 times solution), 40% dipyridin, and puncture the false
stem of the infected plant 10-40 cm above the ground (original solution or 10
times solution).
Additionally, it can be manufactured from poison wood or
2,4-D stock solution coated with specific wood poison sticks. This method
involves injecting 2 to 6 mg of poison per plant into the pseudostem of each
infected plant, poisoning the diseased cluster, and waiting 21 days for it to
decompose. The natural development of the nearby banana plants won't be
impacted by this.
Replanting banana seedlings in unhealthy plant holes won't
spread the illness once more.
All infected plants in the entire garden and the surrounding
area in the old wards, especially in the lighter-condition banana plantations,
must be treated or dug up and replanted in the aforementioned manner within one
month of the winter in order to completely eradicate the disease.
To give the diseased plant a good control effect, locate it
whenever possible in the future and remove it whenever possible.
3. Plant disease-resistant bananas, varieties and banana test-tube seedlings
After the early removal of sick plants in banana gardens with
an incidence of more than 30%, healthy seedlings would also be impacted in
significant numbers.
Plant disease-resistant types like plantains and pink
plantains in this situation, along with test-tube seedlings and bananas, after
the beam-top disease has been totally eradicated.
4. Aphid management
Aphid prevention and control must be prompt and thorough to
stop the spread of disease vectors. It is possible to employ 40% dimethoate and
50% aphid mist. Once every month, 10% of Anlvbao Daofengsan, endosulfan,
lesiben, etc. can be regulated.
When applied to the veins of banana leaves, a medical sachet
containing aldicarb, sulfamethoxa, chlorfenapyr, isopropamid, carbamazepine,
long-acting phosphorus, and chlordiazepam has a good anti-aphid action.
Aphids can be effectively controlled by injecting 0.05–0.2 ml
of long-acting phosphorus stock solution into banana stems every three to four
weeks.
5. Improve banana garden cultivation management
Change the use of urea to compound fertilisers, increase the
use of organic fertilisers and phosphorus and potassium fertilisers, and
increase the potassium and nitrogen fertiliser ratio to 1.5-3:1.
Applying the right amount of lime and magnesium oxide to the acidic soil of a banana plantation may help to lessen damage and increase the plant's resistance to disease.
 |
| Dr. Shawna Reason |
Education: MBBS, MD
Occupation: Medical Doctor / Virologist
Specialization: Medical Science, Micro Biology / Virology, Natural Treatment
Experience: 15 Years as a Medical Practitioner
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Very useful information thanks for sharing here
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