AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Meaning of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): is a very harmful infectious disease caused by infection
with HIV (HIV virus). HIV is a virus that can attack the body's immune system.
It takes the most important CD4T lymphocytes in the human immune system as its
main target of attack, destroying a large number of these cells and causing the
body to lose its immune function. Therefore, the human body is susceptible to
various diseases, and malignant tumors can occur, and the mortality rate is
high. The incubation period of HIV in the human body is 8-9 years on average.
Before AIDS, people can live and work for many years without any symptoms.
Why does AIDS cause a cough?
AIDS patients can have multiple infections of multiple
organs, and they are also prone to tuberculosis and pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia.
Basic Information
English name: AIDS
English alias:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Visiting Department:
Infectious Diseases
Multiple groups:
Young people
Common causes: Due
to HIV infection
Common symptoms:
Sustained fever, weakness, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes
throughout the body
Contagious: Yes
Way for spreading:
Sexual contact, blood, mother-to-child transmission
Table of Content
1 Cause
2 Clinical
manifestations
3 Inspection
4 Diagnosis
5 Treatment
6 Prevention
7 New strains
AIDS Etiology
Research suggests that AIDS originated in Africa and was
brought to the United States by immigrants. On June 5, 1981, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published the case report of five AIDS patients
in the Weekly Morbidity and Mortality Weekly, which was the first official
record of AIDS in the world.
In 1982, the disease was named AIDS.
Soon after, AIDS quickly spread to all continents.
In 1985, a foreigner traveling to Asia in China fell ill and
quickly died after being admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. It
was later confirmed that he died of AIDS. This was perhaps the first case of
AIDS in Asia.
HIV-infected people will develop into AIDS patients after
several years, or even 10 years or longer incubation period.
Due to the extreme
decline of the body's resistance, various infections such as shingles, oral
mold infections, tuberculosis, and other special Enteritis, pneumonia,
encephalitis caused by pathogenic microorganisms, severe infections caused by
various pathogens such as Candida, pneumocystis, etc.
In the later stage,
malignant tumors often occur, and long-term consumption occurs, and even
systemic failure leads to death.
Despite the tremendous efforts of many medical researchers
around the world, no effective medicine for curing AIDS has been developed, and
no effective vaccine for prevention has been developed.
AIDS has been listed as
a Class B legal infectious disease in India and China, and has been listed as one of the
infectious diseases in frontier health surveillance.
What are the (Clinical Manifestation) Symptoms of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)?
The incidence is mostly in young adults, 80% of the age of
onset is between 18 and 45 years old, that is, the age group with more active
sexual life.
After being infected with AIDS, they often suffer from rare
diseases such as pneumocystis pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, atypical mycobacteria
and fungal infections.
After HIV infection, the first few years to more than 10
years without any clinical manifestations.
Once progressing to AIDS, patients
can show various clinical manifestations.
Generally, the initial symptoms are
like common cold and flu, and there may be general fatigue, loss of appetite,
fever, etc.
With
the aggravation of the disease, the symptoms increase day by
day, such as skin and mucous membrane infections with white candida,
herpes
simplex, banding Herpes, purple spots, blood blisters, congestion spots,
etc.
Later gradually invade the internal organs, with persistent fever
of unknown
cause, which can last up to 3 to 4 months.
There can be cough, shortness of breath,
difficulty breathing, persistent diarrhea, bloody stool, liver and
splenomegaly, complicated with malignant tumors, etc.
Clinical symptoms are
complex and variable, but not all of these symptoms occur in every patient.
Difficulty in breathing, chest pain, coughing, etc. often occur in the invasion
of the lungs.
Gastrointestinal violations can cause persistent diarrhea,
abdominal pain, weight loss, etc. and can also invade the nervous system and
cardiovascular system.
1. What are the General Symptoms of AIDS?
Sustained fever, weakness, night sweats, and persistent
extensive systemic lymphadenopathy.
In particular, the enlarged lymph nodes in
the neck, armpits and groin are more obvious.
The diameter of the lymph nodes
is more than 1 cm, and the texture is firm, movable, and painless.
The weight
loss can reach more than 10% within 3 months, and can be reduced by up to 40%.
The weight loss of the patient is particularly obvious.
2. What are the Respiratory symptoms of AIDS?
Long-term cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and bloody
sputum in severe cases.
3. What are the Gastrointestinal symptoms of AIDS
Appetite loss, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and
blood in the stool in severe cases.
The drugs commonly used to treat digestive
tract infections are not effective for this type of diarrhea.
4. What are the Neurological symptoms of AIDS?
Dizziness, headache, slow response, mental retardation,
mental disorders, convulsions, hemiplegia, dementia, etc.
5. Skin and mucosal damage
Herpes simplex, shingles, inflammation and ulceration of the
mucous membranes of the mouth and pharynx.
6. Tumor
A variety of malignancies can occur, and Kaposi's sarcoma on
the surface can be seen with red or purplish rash, papules, and invasive
masses.
What are the Tests for AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)?
1. Body immune function test
It is mainly due to the depletion of CD4 + T lymphocytes and
the significant reduction of peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD4 <200 / μl,
CD4 / CD8 <1.0, (1.25 - 2.1 for normal people).
There is delayed allergy skin test negative.
Also, there is low response to mitogen stimulation.
NK cell activity is reduced.
2. Pathogen Examination
Examination of pathogens of various pathogenic infections
Such as the detection of related pathogens by PCR,
histopathological examination of malignant tumors.
3. HIV antibody testing
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gelatin particle
agglutination test, immunofluorescence detection method, immunoblotting detection
method, radioimmunoprecipitation method, etc., the first three of which are
often used in screening tests, and the latter two are used in confirmation
tests.
4. PCR technology to detect HIV virus
What is the diagnosis for AIDS, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome?
1. Acute phase
Diagnostic criteria: The patient has an epidemiological
history and clinical manifestations in the near future, and can be diagnosed by
combining laboratory HIV antibodies from negative to positive, or only
laboratory tests of HIV antibodies changing from negative to positive.
About
80% of HIV-infected people can detect antibodies at the initial screening test
6 weeks after infection, and almost 100% of HIV-infected people can detect
antibodies after 12 weeks.
Only a few patients can detect antibodies within 3
months or 6 months after infection.
2. Asymptomatic period
Diagnostic criteria: Have an epidemiological history,
diagnose with HIV antibody positive, or just laboratory test for HIV antibody
positive diagnosis.
3. AIDS period
- Unexplained persistent irregular fever above 38 ℃,> 1 month.
- the number of chronic diarrhea is more than 3 times / day,> 1 month.
- Weight loss of more than 10% within 6 months.
- Repeated oral Candida albicans infection.
- Recurrent herpes simplex virus infection or herpes zoster virus infection.
- Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).
- Recurrent bacterial pneumonia.
- Active tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacterium disease.
- Deep fungal infection.
- Space-occupying lesions of the central nervous system.
- Dementia in young and middle-aged people.
- Active cytomegalovirus infection.
- Toxoplasma encephalopathy.
- Penicillium infection.
- Recurrent sepsis.
- Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma of the skin, mucous membranes or internal organs.
What is the Treatment for AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)?
At present, there is still a lack of effective drugs to cure HIV infection worldwide.
The goals of treatment at this stage are:
- To reduce viral load to the greatest extent and lastingly.
- To rebuild and maintain immune function.
- Improve quality of life.
- To reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality.
The treatment of this disease emphasizes comprehensive treatment,
including:
- General treatment
- Antiviral treatment
- Treatment to restore or improve immune function
- Treatment of opportunistic infections and malignant tumors
1. What is the General treatment for AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)?
There is no need for isolation treatment for HIV-infected
patients or patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
For people with
asymptomatic HIV infection, they can still maintain normal work and life.
Antiviral
treatment should be performed according to the specific condition, and changes
in the condition should be closely monitored.
Patients with pre-AIDS or those
who have developed AIDS should pay attention to rest according to their
condition and give them a high-calorie, multi-vitamin diet.
Those who cannot
eat should be supplemented with intravenous fluids.
Strengthen supportive
therapies, including blood transfusions and nutritional support therapies to
maintain water and electrolyte balance.
2. What is Antiviral Therapy for AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)?
Antiviral therapy is the key to AIDS treatment. With the use
of highly effective antiretroviral combination therapy, the efficacy of anti-HIV has been greatly improved, and the quality of life and prognosis of
patients have been significantly improved.
prevention
There is no effective vaccine against AIDS, so the most
important thing is to take preventive measures. The method is:
1. Persist in cleansing and self-love, not prostitution,
prostitution, and avoid high-risk sexual behavior.
2. It is strictly forbidden to take drugs and do not share
syringes with others.
3. Don't transfusion or use blood products without
authorization, use it under the guidance of a doctor.
4. Do not borrow or share personal items such as
toothbrushes, razors, shavers, etc.
5. The use of condoms is one of the most effective measures
to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS in sex life.
6. Avoid direct contact with blood, semen, and breast milk of
AIDS patients and cut off their transmission.
New strain
On November 6, 2019, a research team led by US researchers
obtained the genome sequence of a new strain of HIV, and confirmed the new
strain for the first time 19 years after the publication of the HIV-related
naming guidelines.
A research paper published in the American Journal of AIDS
showed that this new strain belongs to HIV-1 type M group and was confirmed to
be L subtype.
The HIV strains infected by most patients in the world belong to
HIV-1 type, of which M group is the most common.
Author's Bio
 |
| Dr. Shawna Reason |
Education: MBBS, MD
Occupation: Medical Doctor / Virologist
Specialization: Medical Science, Micro Biology / Virology, Natural Treatment
Experience: 15 Years as a Medical Practitioner
About Me | Linkedin | Quora Profile | Medium Profile | Twitter
Comments
Post a Comment