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Histology of Female Reproductive System, Vaginal


Histology of  Female reproductive system / Vagina


  •         Ovaries
  •         Oviduct
  •         Uterus
  •         Vaginal
  •         Mammary gland


Vaginal Histology of Female reproductive system Infographic Diagram

Vaginal Histology Catalog

The vaginal wall is composed of mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia. The vaginal mucosa forms many horizontal folds, and the mucosal epithelium is a non-keratinized stratified flat epithelium, which is thicker. 
Generally, although the lower layer cells contain transparent keratin particles, they do not show keratinization. 

Vaginal Epithelium

In patients with vaginal prolapse, keratinization may occur in the local epithelium. The shedding and renewal of vaginal epithelium and certain periodic changes are affected by ovarian hormones. 

Estrogen promotes thickening of the vaginal epithelium and allows cells to synthesize large amounts of glycogen. The vaginal epithelium is thickest in the late period of hyperplasia of the menstrual cycle. 
Representation of Vaginal epithelial cells

Vaginal epithelial cells shed significantly

When the level of estrogen in the late endometrial secretion decreases, the vaginal epithelial cells shed significantly and the epithelium becomes thinner. 

Clinically, the smear of vaginal epithelial cells can be observed to understand the endocrine function of the ovary.

In addition to vaginal epithelial cells, there are exfoliated cells in the cervix and endometrium, so vaginal smear examination is also a method for diagnosing genital tract tumors. 
After the vaginal epithelial cells are shed, the intracellular glycogen is decomposed into lactic acid by the lactobacilli in the vagina, so that the vaginal secretions remain acidic and have a certain antibacterial effect. 

After menopause, the mucosa of the obstructive channel shrinks, the epithelium becomes thinner, the number of shed cells is less, the pH of the vaginal fluid rises, and the bacteria are prone to multiply and cause vaginitis. 

The superficial layer of the mucosal lamina propria is denser connective tissue, rich in capillaries and elastic fibers, and the deep layer is rich in venous plexus.

Adult vaginal mucosa

The vaginal muscle layer is smooth muscle, which is weak, and the muscle bundles are spiral, arranged in a lattice, and the elastic fibers in the connective tissue are rich. 

This structural feature of the vaginal muscle layer makes the vaginal wall easy to expand. There is a circular sphincter composed of skeletal muscle outside the vagina, called urethral vaginal sphincter. The outer membrane is dense connective tissue rich in elastic fibers.

 

Author's Bio

Doctor Shawna Reason, Virologist
Dr. Shawna Reason
Name: Shawna Reason

Education: MBBS, MD

Occupation: Medical Doctor / Virologist 

Specialization: Medical Science, Micro Biology / Virology, Natural Treatment

Experience: 15 Years as a Medical Practitioner

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