Causes of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection Disease
Everything in the world has two sides, and any object has a
good side and a bad side. Tobacco is no exception. Tobacco is addictive,
causing many smokers to become addicted to smoking.
Not only is it a waste of
money, but also a cigarette disease, so many people think that tobacco will
only harm people's physical and mental health, and some even think that tobacco
is harmless.
In fact, this is just the disadvantage of tobacco. We cannot
kill the beneficial side of tobacco just because we see the harmful side of
tobacco.
Tobacco can always exist in our lives because of its own
truth.
Tobacco, as a drug plant with a long history, has great medical value
itself, it is of great medicinal properties, and can not only disinfect and
kill Insect sterilization can also treat a variety of diseases, which is its
advantage.
This is the root cause of its large-scale cultivation across the
country, because it can bring huge economic benefits to the national society
and promote economic development. Today, the editor will tell you about tobacco
mosaic virus disease.
This disease has already appeared in most areas, and the
scope of influence is expanding. This virus will reduce tobacco production and
reduce the quality of tobacco, and also cause unnecessary economic losses to
tobacco growers.
Therefore, by reviewing information and combining practical
experience, the editor will tell you about the types, specific causes and
morbidity characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus disease, and then give
treatment methods for these causes and characteristics.
TMV Virus Type
The first is the type of virus, tobacco common mosaic virus
disease (TMV), tobacco cucumber mosaic virus disease (CMV), tobacco potato Y
virus disease (PMV) are all one of the tobacco mosaic virus diseases. Among
them, the common mosaic virus is the earliest discovered plant virus, which is
also called "TMV".
If the tobacco is infected with tobacco common
mosaic virus disease, the structure of the mesophyll on the newly grown leaves,
including the veins, are all colored The color of the leaves is lighter than
normal leaves.
The whole mesophyll vein structure is very obvious under the
sunlight. The whole leaves look like translucent and very clear, and the
chlorophyll of the leaves will be reduced, which will affect photosynthesis and
cause the leaves to appear.
In the case of different colors, the green is
darker in some places, and the green is lighter in some places, and even
yellowing occurs, and the edge of the leaves will curl to varying degrees.
Different infections have different infection symptoms. If
the infection is lighter, the edge of the leaves will not curl, but the
thickness of the leaves of the leaves will be significantly different. Some
areas will be thicker and some areas will be thinner. Color
There will be some
differences in depth. If the infection is severe, the edges of the leaves will
be markedly curled, the translucency will be more obvious, the color difference
will be greater, and the leaves will be perforated and thinned, or even die.
MTV is mainly spread through poisonous fertilizers, man-made agricultural
operations and diseases and insects. It enters the juice through the damaged
gap and slowly infects the entire leaf tissue to cause infection.
What is the Cause of TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus)?
Causes of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV): The second is the cause and characteristics of the disease.
All plants are easy to be infected with various diseases at the seedling stage,
and tobacco is no exception. In addition, the time period from the beginning of
tobacco switching is susceptible to disease, because of the bacteria.
The
survivability is very strong, coupled with the destruction of large-scale
agricultural management, wind and rain, and the spread of diseases and insects
will accelerate the spread of the virus and expand the spread of the virus.
In
addition, the fertility of the land, the drainage system, and the weather
temperature are all factors that affect the incidence. The poor productivity of
the land, the lack of nutritional supplements, and the poor drainage system can
easily cause tobacco disease.
TMV Prevention and Control
The last is about the prevention and control methods. All
plants are the same, there will be gaps in varieties, so tobacco is no
exception.
In the early stage of cultivating and selecting varieties,
you should choose excellent varieties, especially disease-resistant and
excellent tobacco.
From the selection of the breed, it is not allowed to lose on
the starting line, so that it can prevent the virus from eroding. The next step
is the protection and management of tobacco seedlings.
First, the seed bed will
be important. When selecting the seed bed, try to stay away from other crop
selection areas. The seed bed should be disinfected, sterilized and weeded to
minimize the destruction of tobacco seedlings.
During the transition period, avoid strong sunlight, water
regularly and pay attention to drainage in rainy weather. Choose the right
fertilizer for application. The organic fertilizer must be sprayed at the right
time and in the right amount. There is also a scientific and reasonable
rotation system.
Experiments on tobacco mosaic virus
Teaching problem: The experimental textbook on tobacco mosaic
virus is very simple. I consulted "Genetics" edited by Liang Hong to
understand the process of this experiment.
In 1956, the American scholar Fraemkel-Courat used the
reconstruction experiment of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to prove that RNA is
also genetic material.
This experiment was conducted with tobacco mosaic virus. TMV
is an RNA virus. It has a cylindrical protein shell composed of many identical
protein subunits. There is a single-stranded RNA molecule, which spirals
between protein subunits along the inner wall.
In this RNA virus, is the genetic information on RNA, or on protein?
1. Infection experiment
Shock TMV in water and phenol to separate viral RNA and
protein to infect tobacco. The virus protein alone cannot infect tobacco. The
viral RNA alone can infect tobacco and viral RNA enters the leaf cells.
Breeding to produce normal virus descendants.
The efficiency of RNA infection
alone is poor. It may be due to the naked RNA, which is easily degraded by
enzymes during the infection process. Treating RNA with RNase completely loses
its infectivity.
2. Reconstruction experiment
Many strains of TMV can be distinguished according to the
difference between the host plant and the difference in the formation of a
lesion on the plot of the host plant. For example, there are two strains whose
coat proteins are different: The coat protein of strain S does not have
histidine and methionine, while strain HR contains these two amino acids.
Frenkel-Culante used the separation and polymerization method
to first obtain the protein coat of S strain and the RNA of HR strain, and then
combine them to form a hybrid virus, with the shell of S strain, which can be
used by antibodies Inactivated, but not affected by antibodies made to the HR
strain.
When the hybrid virus is used to infect tobacco, the lesions are always
the same as those of the RNA donor, so it is obvious that the second generation
virus particles have the HR strain RNA and protein coats of HR strains.
The HR
strain protein and S strain RNA are combined to form a hybrid virus. Infecting
tobacco with the reconstructed virus had similar results. So we can say that in
viruses that do not contain DNA, the genetic information necessary to replicate
and form new virus particles is carried on RNA.
Author's Bio
 |
| Dr. Shawna Reason |
Education: MBBS, MD
Occupation: Medical Doctor / Virologist
Specialization: Medical Science, Micro Biology / Virology, Natural Treatment
Experience: 15 Years as a Medical Practitioner
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