How does banana bunchy top virus disease spread?
Hazards: Banana bunchy top disease is caused by banana bunchy
top virus (BBTV) and is one of the most important and devastating diseases in
banana production. Early infection of plants will lead to serious disease of
the plants and completely lose their economic value. In the middle and late
stages of infection, although a certain yield can be obtained that year, the
quality of the fruit has declined.
It is common in Asia, with a general hazard
rate of 5% to 10%, a serious 20% to 40%, or even higher. After adopting tissue
culture seedling planting technology, the incidence rate decreased
significantly.
It is mainly distributed in Asia and the South Pacific and a few
African countries, and no reports have occurred so far in Central and South
America and the Caribbean.
BBTV is the most serious disease on bananas and plantains.
It
was widespread in Fiji in the early 20th century and in Australia in the 1920s,
which devastated banana production.
In New South Wales, banana production fell
by an average of 90% due to illness in 1922.
What is the Method of Transmission of Banana Bunchy Top Virus Disease?
The disease is mainly transmitted in
the field in a semi-persistent manner by the banana cross-ephid
Pentalonianigronervosa.
Field epidemics are mainly related to the overwintering
poison source and the number of banana crosses aphid in the field.
It can also
be spread through long distance and large area through poisonous seedlings,
tissue culture seedlings, buds and bulbs.
It is not spread by soil, nor can it
be spread by mechanical inoculation, so agronomic operations such as pruning
will not spread the virus.
Toxicity mediator
In the natural state, it is
semi-permanently or persistently transmitted by the banana aphid
Pentalonianigronervosa.
The circulation period is 48h, the shortest poisoning
time is 17h, the shortest poisoning period is 1.5 - 2h, and the poison
retention period is 13d.
After molting, the virus transmission ability is
maintained.
The nymph transmission efficiency is higher than that of the adult.
The spread of the virus does not depend on any helper virus.
Seedling-transmitted plants
Asexual propagation material of
banana and other Musa plants.
Natural host
Banana Musanana and other Musa plants. Such as
plantain Musasapientum, abaca M.textilis, long-leaf plantain, pointed bract
leaf plantain, Bank's plantain M.banksi and elephant leg plantain
Enseteglaucum.
Artificial inoculation of infestable plants: Most of the
edible species in the Eumusa population of the plantain genus, as well as the
edible species of the Sawaqa population in Australia, New Zealand and the
islands of the Southwest Pacific can be infected.
Ginger and taro are not the host of banana bunchy top virus.
In recent years, ginger flower Hedychiumcoronarium and Cannaindica are also
considered to be indefinite hosts, and the latter plant is defined as a host
because it can produce symptoms similar to bunch tops in the field.
However, the inoculation test proved that the canna genus
Cannaspp., Strelitzia Strelitziasp., Potato Solanumtuberosum and corn Zeamays
cannot be infected by the virus.
Studies have shown that bananas, pink plantains, and
plantains are the hosts of banana bunchy top virus, but the other 24 test
plants such as canna, taro, Yanshan ginger, plantain, turmeric, vinca and melon
are not The host of the virus.
The study also believes that in the
banana-producing areas of Fujian Province, the main source of infection of
banana bunchy top disease is banana diseased plants, while diseased plants such
as pink plantain and plantain can establish and spread the disease in the
disease area for a long time Important role.
Infection cycle
The primary source of infection in the new
planting area is poisonous buds and seedlings.
The toxicity of seedlings
determines the severity of the new area. Some studies have pointed out that the
new planting area is adjacent to the disease garden 50-100m, and the incidence
rate is 88% after 1 year, and 67% of the new diseased plants in the new planted
area are within 20m around the old plant.
The diseased plants in the epidemic
area or common plant area are repeatedly transmitted through banana cross vein
aphid.
Diseases and environment and epidemic
The occurrence of
diseases is closely related to the number of banana cross-vessel aphid and the
number of poisonous plants.
In the dry and rainy season, it is severe due to
the appearance of winged aphids.
In banana gardens, the amount of banana
cross-veined aphids gradually increased from October to the peak in
January-February and the peak in May.
Thick green young plants or medium and
small seedlings are most susceptible to this disease.
Banana gardens are out of
control, weeds are overgrown, and there are many diseased plants, which will
significantly increase the prevalence of diseases.
Author's Bio
 |
| Dr. Shawna Reason |
Education: MBBS, MD
Occupation: Medical Doctor / Virologist
Specialization: Medical Science, Micro Biology / Virology, Natural Treatment
Experience: 15 Years as a Medical Practitioner
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